East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

			Region		Income group
Population (millions)	75		1,817		886
Urban population (% of total)	56.8		33.9		57.7
GDP ($ billions)	65		1,693		1,477
GNP per capita, Atlas method ($)	1,050		990		1,740
Environmental strategy or action plan (year prepared)	1989
Agriculture
Land area (,000 sq. km)	298		15,968		36,096
Land use, permanent cropland (% of total land area)	14.8		2.6		0.8
Irrigated land (% of crop land)	16.3		36.9		15.0
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)	1,583		2,346		405
Food production index (1989-91=100)	124.8		154.8		128.7
Population density, rural (people per sq. km)	634		688		449
Forests
Forest area (,000 sq. km)	68		3,832		11,083
Forest area (% of total land area)	22.7		24.0		30.8
Annual deforestation rate (% change, 1990-95)	3.5		0.8		0.2
Biodiversity
Mammal species, total known	153
Mammal species, threatened	49
Bird species, total known	395
Bird species, threatened	86
Nationally protected area (% of land area)	4.9		6.9		4.3
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)	7.2		...		...
Commercial energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)	520		942		1,765
Energy imports, net (% of commercial energy use)	57		...		...
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)	432		771		1,737
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)	18.5		59.3		24.3
Share of electricity generated by oil (%)	48.0		11.6		12.3
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg per PPP $ of GDP)	0.2		0.8		0.9
Total CO2 emissions, industrial (,000 kt)	63.2		4,715.5		3,940.6
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)	0.9		2.7		4.6
Suspended particulate in capital city (microgr/m3)	200.0		...		...
Passenger cars (per ,000 people)	10		11		55
Water & Sanitation
Access to safe water (% of rural population)	83		84		...
Access to safe water in rural areas (% of rural population)	81		82		...
Access to safe water in urban areas (% of urban population)	91		89		...
Freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)	4,393		...		11,805
Total freshwater withdrawal (% of total water resources)	9.1
Withdrawal for agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)	88		80		75
Access to sanitation water in urban areas (% of urban population)	88		61		...
Access to sanitation water in rural areas (% of rural population)	64		13		...
Infant mortality rate (per ,000 live births)	32		35		35
National accounting aggregates
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)	16.3		38.6		19.1
Consumption of fixed capital (%of GDP)	8.4		8.8		9.3
Net domestic savings (% of GDP)	7.9		29.8		9.8
Education expenditure (% of GDP)	2.0		2.4		4.1
Energy depletion (% of GDP)	0.0		1.4		6.0
Mineral depletion (% of GDP)	0.1		0.3		0.2
Net forest depletion (% of GDP)	1.6		0.6		0.2
CO2 damage (% of GDP)	0.5		1.7		1.5
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)	7.6		28.3		5.9