Region

Income
group

Population (millions)

11

1,817

3,536

Urban population (% of total)

15.2

33.9

30.5

GDP ($ billions)

3

1,693

1,881

GNP per capita, Atlas method ($)

260

990

520

Environmental strategy or action plan (year prepared)

1997

Land area (,000 sq. km)

177

15,968

41,383

Land use, permanent cropland (% of total land area)

0.6

2.6

1.4

Irrigated land (% of crop land)

7.1

36.9

30.3

Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)

22

2,346

1,210

Food production index (1989-91=100)

132.6

154.8

140.8

Population density, rural (people per sq. km)

259

688

573

Forest area (,000 sq. km)

98

3,832

7,379

Forest area (% of total land area)

55.7

24.0

17.8

Annual deforestation rate (% change, 1990-95)

1.6

0.8

0.7

Mammal species, total known

123

Mammal species, threatened

23

Bird species, total known

307

Bird species, threatened

18

Nationally protected area (% of land area)

16.2

6.9

5.9

GDP per unit of energy use (PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)

...

...

...

Commercial energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)

...

942

646

Energy imports, net (% of commercial energy use)

...

...

...

Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)

...

771

448

Share of electricity generated by coal (%)

...

59.3

63.8

Share of electricity generated by oil (%)

...

11.6

8.8

CO₂ emissions per unit of GDP (kg per PPP $ of GDP)

0.0

0.8

0.7

Total CO₂ emissions, industrial (,000 kt)

0.5

4,715.5

5,306.2

CO₂ emissions per capita (mt)

0.0

2.7

1.6

Suspended particulate in capital city (microgr/m3)

...

...

...

Passenger cars (per ,000 people)

5

11

5

Access to safe water (% of rural population)

13

84

...

Access to safe water in rural areas (% of rural population)

12

82

...

Access to safe water in urban areas (% of urban population)

20

89

...

Freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)

41,407

...

4,330

Total freshwater withdrawal (% of total water resources)

0.1

Withdrawal for agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)

94

80

87

Access to sanitation water in urban areas (% of urban population)

...

61

56

Access to sanitation water in rural areas (% of rural population)

...

13

10

Infant mortality rate (per ,000 live births)

102

35

68

Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)

5.5

38.6

31.1

Consumption of fixed capital (%of GDP)

7.0

8.8

8.1

Net domestic savings (% of GDP)

-1.5

29.8

23.0

Education expenditure (% of GDP)

1.8

2.4

2.3

Energy depletion (% of GDP)

0.0

1.4

2.2

Mineral depletion (% of GDP)

0.0

0.3

0.4

Net forest depletion (% of GDP)

0.0

0.6

1.1

CO₂ damage (% of GDP)

0.1

1.7

1.8

Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)

0.2

28.3

20.0