Region

Income
group

Population (millions)

19

1,305

886

Urban population (% of total)

23.0

27.7

57.7

GDP ($ billions)

16

565

1,477

GNP per capita, Atlas method ($)

810

430

1,740

Environmental strategy or action plan (year prepared)

1994

Agriculture

Land area (,000 sq. km)

65

4,781

36,096

Land use, permanent cropland (% of total land area)

15.8

2.1

0.8

Irrigated land (% of crop land)

31.8

40.9

15.0

Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)

2,429

999

405

Food production index (1989-91=100)

114.3

122.7

128.7

Population density, rural (people per sq. km)

1652

531

449

Forests

Forest area (,000 sq. km)

18

744

11,083

Forest area (% of total land area)

27.8

15.6

30.8

Annual deforestation rate (% change, 1990-95)

1.1

0.2

0.2

Biodiversity

Mammal species, total known

88

Mammal species, threatened

14

Bird species, total known

250

Bird species, threatened

11

Nationally protected area (% of land area)

13.3

4.5

4.3

Energy

GDP per unit of energy use (PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)

7.6

...

...

Commercial energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)

386

443

1,765

Energy imports, net (% of commercial energy use)

39

...

...

Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)

227

324

1,737

Share of electricity generated by coal (%)

...

62.7

24.3

Share of electricity generated by oil (%)

33.0

7.0

12.3

Emissions and pollution

CO₂ emissions per unit of GDP (kg per PPP $ of GDP)

0.1

0.5

0.9

Total CO₂ emissions, industrial (,000 kt)

7.1

1,125.1

3,940.6

CO₂ emissions per capita (mt)

0.4

0.9

4.6

Suspended particulate in capital city (microgr/m3)

...

...

...

Passenger cars (per ,000 people)

15

4

55

Water & Sanitation

Access to safe water (% of rural population)

...

77

...

Access to safe water in rural areas (% of rural population)

...

75

...

Access to safe water in urban areas (% of urban population)

...

83

...

Freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)

2,329

4,088

11,805

Total freshwater withdrawal (% of total water resources)

14.6

Withdrawal for agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)

96

93

75

Access to sanitation water in urban areas (% of urban population)

...

46

...

Access to sanitation water in rural areas (% of rural population)

...

2

...

Infant mortality rate (per ,000 live births)

16

75

35

National accounting aggregates

Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)

18.9

19.5

19.1

Consumption of fixed capital (%of GDP)

5.0

8.5

9.3

Net domestic savings (% of GDP)

13.9

11.0

9.8

Education expenditure (% of GDP)

2.6

3.1

4.1

Energy depletion (% of GDP)

0.0

1.3

6.0

Mineral depletion (% of GDP)

0.0

0.3

0.2

Net forest depletion (% of GDP)

1.5

1.7

0.2

CO₂ damage (% of GDP)

0.2

1.2

1.5

Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)

14.8

9.6

5.9