In the Uda Walawe Irrigation Scheme, Sri Lanka, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is involved in research on water saving irrigation management methods at the request of the local project management from the Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka (MASL).  Changes in agricultural water management have important effects on the breeding of mosquito vectors of human disease, the need for agrochemical applications, and the availability of drinking water.  There are therefore important human health implications of such changes in agricultural water management.  The present proposal will integrate the priority public health issues in research in the Uda Walawe river basin.  This is a novel approach that will improve the understanding of causal linkages between water, agriculture, the environment and human health in agro-ecosystems, not only in the Uda Walawe basin but also in other intensive irrigation projects.